Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: The Nerve Disorder Lurking Among Office Workers

The carpal tunnel is a narrow passage in the wrist formed by connective tissues (ligaments) and wrist bones (carpals). Within this tunnel runs the median nerve, which controls the muscles in the fingers. When the carpal tunnel narrows due to swelling in the surrounding tissues, this pressure on the median nerve can lead to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

CTS is classified as a Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD), affecting both motor and sensory functions of the hand. It typically causes pain, tingling, and numbness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Initially, the pain may be mild, but if left untreated, it can worsen and disrupt daily activities, especially for those who use their hands frequently.

As mentioned earlier, CTS occurs when the median nerve in the wrist becomes compressed. This nerve plays a crucial role in providing sensation and controlling movement in several parts of the hand, including the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger.

Although we know that CTS is caused by the compression of the median nerve, the exact reasons why this nerve becomes compressed are not fully understood. However, several factors increase the likelihood of developing this condition:

1. Genetic Factors

A family history of CTS can increase the likelihood of an individual developing the condition. If a close family member suffers from CTS, you may be at a higher risk of experiencing it as well.

2. Wrist Injuries

Physical injuries to the wrist, such as fractures or sprains, can alter the structure of the area, leading to compression of the median nerve and resulting in CTS.

3. Pregnancy

Pregnancy is often linked to CTS. About 50% of pregnant women report symptoms of CTS, usually caused by hormonal changes and fluid retention during pregnancy. In many cases, the symptoms resolve after childbirth, but sometimes they persist.

4. Repetitive Motion Jobs

Jobs that involve repetitive hand movements, such as typing, using a computer mouse, or other hand-intensive tasks, can put additional pressure on the median nerve. These repetitive activities, especially when performed in non-ergonomic positions, can increase the risk of developing CTS.

5. Underlying Medical Conditions

Certain medical conditions can also contribute to the development of CTS. Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, which causes joint inflammation, can affect the carpal tunnel and compress the median nerve. Diabetes, which affects peripheral nerves, can also contribute to CTS. Other conditions such as obesity, hypothyroidism, and metabolic syndrome can also increase the risk of CTS.

Even though these factors can increase the risk, not everyone with these conditions will develop CTS. It is important to recognize the symptoms and take preventative measures early on.

The most common symptoms of CTS include tingling, numbness, and a "pins-and-needles" sensation in the hand, especially in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. These symptoms typically appear after extended use of the hands, such as typing or gripping objects for long periods. Pain in the hand, wrist, and even the forearm is also common among those with CTS.

CTS symptoms often begin in one hand but can spread to both hands over time. If left untreated, the symptoms can worsen and interfere with daily activities.

Other symptoms of CTS include:

• Pain in the Forearm: Pain can radiate from the hand to the forearm and even the elbow. This pain can worsen at night or during activities that require frequent hand use.
• Decreased Sensitivity to Touch: Some people with CTS experience a reduced sensitivity to touch in their hands and may have difficulty feeling small objects or textures.
• Changes in Hand Skin Condition: The skin on the affected hand may become swollen, dry, or discolored due to impaired blood flow or nerve tension.
• Decreased Hand Motor Skills: Another symptom is a decline in the hand's ability to perform fine motor tasks, such as buttoning a shirt, gripping objects, or typing.
• Difficulty Moving the Hand and Fingers: CTS often makes it difficult to move the hand or fingers, especially upon waking or after the hand has been in a bent position for an extended period. Simple tasks like opening a bottle or picking up objects may become challenging and painful.

Symptoms typically worsen over time, especially if left untreated. In severe cases, individuals may lose grip strength, making daily tasks difficult to perform.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is more common in women than men, particularly in the age group of 25 to 64 years. According to the National Health Interview Study (NIHS), women are three times more likely to develop CTS, with the highest incidence occurring between the ages of 40 and 60.

CTS is also prevalent among office workers, particularly those who spend extensive hours using computers. Repetitive hand movements like typing or using a mouse can decrease oxygen supply to the muscles and hinder metabolism, putting pressure on the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. This pressure leads to sensory disruptions like pain and numbness, limiting the wrist and hand's function, which impacts productivity.

According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), jobs involving repetitive motions, use of vibrating tools, or awkward wrist postures are at high risk for CTS. Professions such as assembly line workers, food processing workers, cashiers, construction workers, and factory employees are among those most vulnerable to developing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Now that we know office workers who perform frequent hand movements are more prone to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, what can be done to prevent it?

Here are a few preventive measures for office workers:

1. Maintain Proper Sitting Posture: Ensure that you sit upright with proper posture while typing. Avoid slouching, as this can put more pressure on your wrists. Adjust the distance and position of your keyboard so that your hands are in a comfortable and natural position when typing. Not only will this reduce the risk of CTS, but it will also help prevent other bodily issues.
   
   
2. Stretch Your Wrists: If your wrists start to feel fatigued, take short breaks and stretch them. Rest your fingers and palms, and perform small, relaxing movements to relieve tension. Avoid continuing to work with tired hands, as this can increase the risk of CTS.
   
   
3. Take Regular Breaks: Give your body a break to prevent other health issues, including Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. If you've been sitting for a long time or start to feel stiffness, stand up or take a short walk around your desk. This allows your muscles and nerves to relax and helps prevent the effects of repetitive stress.

If you're experiencing symptoms of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome or suspect you might be at risk, it's important to consult a medical professional at IHH Healthcare Malaysia. Our expert team is ready to provide accurate diagnosis and treatment to help you regain comfort and functionality in your daily activities.