Recognize the Early Symptoms and Causes of Breast Cancer as Soon as Possible with These Steps!

What causes breast cancer and what are the early symptoms? Unfortunately, not many people are aware of the causes of breast cancer, especially the early symptoms. Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer affecting women worldwide. This disease develops when abnormal cells in the breast tissue start to grow uncontrollably.

Although it is more common in women, breast cancer can also occur in men, though it is much rarer. The specific causes of breast cancer are not well understood, and people are always unsure what are the early symptoms of breast cancer. Let’s take a closer look at the causes of breast cancer and its early signs.

The causes of breast cancer cannot be attributed to a single factor. Combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors play the key role in the development of this disease.

1. Genetic Factors and Family History

   One of the major risk factors for breast cancer is family history. If someone has a mother, sister, or grandmother who has had breast cancer, the risk is increased. The genetic mutations most commonly associated with breast cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2. These mutations can be inherited and increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer throughout a person's life.

2. Age and Gender

   Women have a higher risk of developing breast cancer compared to men. Additionally, as a person ages, the risk of developing breast cancer increases. The majority of breast cancer cases occur in women over the age of 50.

3. Hormonal Changes

   Changes in hormones can also contribute to the risk of breast cancer. Estrogen and progesterone hormones play a significant role in the development of breast cells. Long-term exposure to these hormones can increase the risk of breast cancer. Contributing factors include:

   • Early menstruation (before the age of 12)
   • Late menopause (after the age of 55)
   • First pregnancy after age 30 or never having been pregnant
   • Postmenopausal hormone therapy
4. Unhealthy Lifestyle

   Certain lifestyle habits can also contribute to breast cancer. Here are some unhealthy behaviors that increase the risk:

   1. Unhealthy Diet

      A diet high in saturated fats, low in fiber, and large amounts of processed meats can contribute to an increased risk of breast cancer. On the other hand, foods rich in antioxidants, fiber, and omega-3 fatty acids can help protect the body from cancer.

   2. Lack of Physical Activity

      People who rarely exercise have a higher risk of obesity. Obesity is one of the risk factors for breast cancer. Regular physical activity helps regulate hormone levels and improves overall health.

   3. Excessive Alcohol

      Research shows that women who consume alcohol excessively have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Smoking can also cause genetic changes in breast cells.

   4. Smoking

      Multiple studies suggest there is a modestly increased risk of breast cancer in smoker

5. Radiation Exposure

   Exposure to high doses of radiation, especially to the chest area, can increase the risk of breast cancer. For example, individuals who have undergone radiation therapy for other cancers have a higher risk of developing breast cancer later in life.

6. Certain Medical Conditions

   Certain medical conditions can also increase the risk of breast cancer. Conditions such as benign breast disease, like atypical hyperplasia, diabetes, and obesity can elevate the risk.

Early detection of breast cancer is crucial to increase the chances of successful treatment. According to the Cancer Council, here are some common early symptoms of breast cancer to watch out for:

1. Lump in the Breast or Armpit

   A common sign of breast cancer is the appearance of an abnormal lump in the breast or armpit. This lump is usually hard, painless, and does not move when pressed. However, not all lumps indicate cancer; some may be cysts or other benign conditions.

2. Changes in the Size or Shape of the Breast

   Early signs of breast cancer may include changes in the size or shape of one of the breasts without a clear reason. This change is often due to swelling caused by the tumor itself. Malignant tumors can quickly spread in the breast area, making the breast appear asymmetrical and swollen.

3. Changes in the Skin of the Breast

   Breast cancer may initially cause changes in the skin around the breast. The skin may become rough, wrinkled, or resemble orange peel (known as "peau d'orange"). This occurs due to lymphatic vessel obstruction caused by cancer cell growth.

4. Pain or Discomfort in the Breast

   Although breast cancer typically does not cause pain in the early stages, some cases may present pain as an early symptom. The pain is usually localized to one area or part of the breast.

5. Changes in the Nipple

   Early symptoms of breast cancer may also affect the nipple. Some changes in the nipple include:

   • Inward retraction of the nipple
   • Unusual discharge from the nipple, especially if it is bloody or brown
   • Scaly or peeling skin on the nipple
6. Swelling or Lumps in the Armpit Area

   Breast cancer can spread to the lymph nodes near the armpits. When these lymph nodes are affected, it can cause swelling or lumps in the area. If you notice swelling that doesn't go away, it's best to consult a doctor immediately.

Early detection of breast cancer is essential for more effective treatment. It is even recommended to have regular breast check-ups at least once a year. By routinely checking for signs of breast cancer, the condition can be diagnosed early. Here are some methods for early breast cancer detection:

1. Breast Self-Examination (SADARI)

   SADARI, or breast self-examination, is recommended to be performed regularly each month, especially after menstruation. During this examination, gently feel the entire breast and armpit to detect any lumps or unusual changes.

2. Clinical Breast Examination by a Doctor

   In addition to SADARI, early detection is also facilitated by having a clinical breast examination by a doctor. Women are advised to have a clinical breast exam at least once a year. The doctor may use physical examination techniques or additional tools like ultrasound to help detect abnormalities not visible to the naked eye.

3. Mammography + ultrasound breast

   Mammography is a breast imaging procedure using X-rays. This method can detect breast cancer even before symptoms appear. Women over 40 years old are advised to have regular mammograms and ultrasound according to their doctor's recommendations. Women with family history of breast cancer are advised to have earlier mammography + ultrasound breast.

Although some risk factors cannot be avoided, there are steps you can take to reduce the likelihood of developing breast cancer:

1. Maintain a Healthy Diet

   Consuming nutritious foods can help lower the risk of breast cancer. Opt for foods rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber. Fruits, vegetables, fish, and seeds are excellent choices.

2. Exercise Regularly

   Engaging in physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day can help regulate weight, reduce estrogen levels, and boost the immune system.

3. Maintain an Ideal Weight

   Obesity after menopause is often linked to an increased risk of breast cancer because fat tissue can increase estrogen production. Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce this risk.

4. Breastfeeding

   Breastfeeding is an effective way to reduce the risk of early breast cancer symptoms. Studies suggest that breastfeeding for at least six months can help lower the risk due to its ability to reduce estrogen levels in the body.

Breast cancer is a serious illness that can affect anyone, especially women. While the causes of early breast cancer symptoms are not fully understood, factors such as genetics, hormones, lifestyle, and exposure to harmful substances can increase the risk. Recognizing the early signs of breast cancer, such as lumps, changes in shape, skin texture, and nipple abnormalities, is crucial for early detection.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, can help reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. Remember to undergo routine screenings, at least once a year, and consult a healthcare provider if you notice any changes. You can seek consultations at hospitals affiliated with IHH Healthcare Malaysia. Early detection can make a significant difference in managing breast cancer, so don’t wait—schedule your consultation today.

• https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/risk-factors/index.html
• https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer
• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer
• https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/causes-of-breast-cancer/
• https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/breast-cancer#cancer-symptoms