Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a digestive disorder that can be uncomfortable and disruptive. To manage or prevent the disease, it is important for you to understand the risk factors that can cause GERD. Here are some of the major risk factors that need to be identified and monitored.

1. Obesity

   Obesity or being overweight is one of the main risk factors associated with GERD. Excess fat around the stomach can press on the stomach and increase pressure, making it easier for stomach acid to rise into the esophagus.

2. Foods and Drinks that Trigger GERD

   Some types of foods and drinks can be a cause of GERD. For example, spicy foods, high-fat foods, chocolate, caffeinated drinks, and alcoholic beverages can stimulate the production of stomach acid.

3. Smoking

   Smoking is not only bad for your lung and heart health, but it can also increase your risk of GERD. Nicotine in cigarettes can relax the muscles of the esophagus, making it easier for stomach acid to rise into the esophagus.

4. Pregnancy

   Pregnant women often experience increased pressure on the stomach due to the growth of the fetus. Pregnancy hormones can also affect the valve between the stomach and esophagus. Although it cannot be avoided, pregnant women can reduce GERD symptoms by eating small portions regularly.

5. Stress and Anxiety

   Stress and anxiety can affect digestive function and be a cause of GERD. Efforts to manage stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or light exercise can help reduce the risk of GERD symptoms.

6. Certain Medications

   Some types of medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or medications for high blood pressure, can increase your risk of GERD. Consult your doctor if you are taking these medications to find alternative or safer management strategies.

Knowing the risk factors that can cause GERD is an important first step in preventing or managing this digestive disorder. There are several prevention methods you can do to avoid the risk of GERD, such as the following:

• Eat small but frequent meals to help prevent excessive pressure on the stomach.
• Identify foods and drinks that can trigger acid reflux, such as spicy foods, fatty foods, chocolate, caffeinated drinks, and alcoholic beverages.
• Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise.
• Quitting smoking is an important step to prevent and manage this digestive disorder.
• Practicing relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga, or exercise can help manage stress and reduce the likelihood of acid reflux.
• Avoid eating before bed. Wait at least 2-3 hours after eating before you go to bed.

After knowing the cause of GERD and you are experiencing persistent symptoms, such as a burning sensation in the chest, coughing, or difficulty swallowing, immediately consult a doctor. Please make an appointment and consult with a gastroenterologist at IHH Healthcare Malaysia to find the best comprehensive options available for you.